A ‘community state’ is ideologically aligned however geographically decentralized. The persons are unfold round the world in clusters of various dimension, however their hearts are in a single place.
In June 2022 Balaji Srinivasan, former chief know-how officer of the Coinbase cryptocurrency alternate, revealed an e-book entitled The Network State: How To Start a New Country. It is the newest in a flurry of utopian visions by self-styled digital visionaries, crypto believers and net 3.0 evangelists who’re lining up to declare the dying of the conventional idea of nations and nationhood.
In one case, a new “virtual” nation is already in growth. “The nation state is outdated—it’s based on 19th-century thinking, and we aim to upend all of that,” Lauren Razavi tells me over Zoom from a bustling co-working area.
Razavi is the govt director of Plumia, a self-proclaimed “moonshot mission” to construct an web nation for digital nomads. Born in Britain to an Iranian immigrant, Razavi sees herself as untethered and borderless, and likens nationwide citizenship and tax to a “subscription” that could be very arduous to cancel.
“We’re all enrolled into this automatic subscription based on the coincidence of our birthplace or our heritage, and that really doesn’t work in the 21st century.”
Freedom for everybody?
As an anthropologist, I’ve been chronicling the digital nomad life-style for the previous seven years. Pre-pandemic, the widespread stereotype was of a carefree millennial who had escaped the day by day grind to journey the world with out hindrance, engaged on a laptop computer in some far-flung seaside cafe with their solely limitation being the high quality of the wifi.
As way back as 2015, I used to be listening to recurring complaints from these nomads about the ideological and sensible frictions that nation states pose—it simply hadn’t organized itself into a motion but.
For a whereas, COVID-19 appeared to put the brakes on the nomadic dream, as most have been pressured to head dwelling to western international locations and the security web of healthcare techniques. Yet now, the distant working revolution triggered by the pandemic has given this borderless life-style “project” a new impetus.
Before COVID struck, 12% of staff in the US labored remotely full time, and 5% in the UK. But the pandemic shortly proved distant work was attainable for many extra individuals. Workplace norms toppled like dominos: the workplace, in-person conferences and the day by day commute fell first. Countries equivalent to Barbados, Estonia and Portugal began issuing distant work visas to encourage geographically versatile workers to relocate to their territories. “Zoom towns” are one other pattern, with cities equivalent to Augusta, Maine in the US providing monetary sweeteners to entice distant staff.
Having consigned the workplace to the trash, it is sensible that the nation state is the subsequent establishment that digital nomads want to recycle. To Razavi, membership of a nation state “offers incredibly poor value … The aspects that are really stuck in the past include citizenship, passports and tax. Our vision is to upload the nation state to the cloud.”
The idea of making an web nation was dreamt up throughout a firm hackathon. Plumia is owned and staffed by Safety Wing, an HQ-less insurance coverage firm which sells journey and well being cowl to digital nomads and distant working groups (tagline: “Insurance for nomads by nomads”). Safety Wing, in accordance to its homepage, is “here to remove the role of geographical borders as a barrier to equal opportunities and freedom for everyone.”
But the realities of life as a digital nomad, and the dream of shedding your nationality for a borderless, paperless model, are stuffed with day-to-day issues, as I’ve found—notably if you don’t belong to the younger, white and western stereotype that the media tends to perpetuate.
Becoming a digital nomad
I first heard about digital nomads in 2015 whereas chatting to Thom*, a seasoned traveler in Koh Phangan. Thom was neither expat nor vacationer, and barely appeared to return dwelling. I requested him how individuals survived whereas consistently touring. He had a laundry listing of issues, from hassles subletting his residence in Hamburg to his financial institution stalking him for a everlasting tackle, and the hell of navigating visa guidelines.
Later in the dialog, he paused and declared, “You’re talking about digital nomads—I can’t believe you’ve never heard of them!” Laughing, he defined, “It’s someone a bit like me but who thinks the bottom layer of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is fast wifi instead of shelter. There’s a digital nomad conference happening in Bangkok in a few months. Let’s go.”
How digital nomads see themselves:
Two months later, I used to be strolling up Rangnam Road in Bangkok on a humid morning, trying for the DNX convention. Just off the aircraft and combating jetlag, I visited a espresso store and overheard two German males discussing the convention. Fabian, who was wearing camo cargo shorts and a black T-shirt, informed me he was giving the keynote speech. He deliberate to share his experiences of driving throughout Africa enjoying guitar for charity, and of establishing a borderless tech start-up whereas touring by means of South America.
At the convention venue I discovered crowds of individuals checking-in utilizing Eventbrite apps. Lanyards with the slogan “I CHOOSE FREEDOM” have been handed out. At this stage, I did not query what sort of freedom.
Most attendees have been casually dressed males from the global north of their 20s and 30s. Although most carried small backpacks, nobody seemed like a backpacker. The males have been in shorts and navy or khaki polo shirts. The few girls current wore impartial sundresses. No one would have seemed misplaced in a enterprise assembly in a world resort foyer.
Digital nomads vigorously differentiate themselves from vacationers and backpackers. One nomad informed me, “I’d be bored shitless if I hung around on the beach all day getting stoned.” Nevertheless, these two tribes typically collide in areas like Ko Pha Ngan or Chiang Mai in Thailand.
Talks at the convention typically repeated the phrase “freedom.” Freedom to stay and work anyplace, freedom from the rat race, entrepreneurial freedom, freedom to take management of your life and future. Other well-worn themes included “life hacks” enabling nomadic companies to operate effectively on the transfer, the position of co-working areas, and inspirational travelogs.
In the convention introduction by DNX founders Marcus Meurer and Feli Hargarten (additionally identified, respectively, as Sonic Blue and Yara Joy), a YouTube video entitled The Rise of Lowsumerism was performed. The video claimed that extreme consumerism was being changed by a superior sharing economic system which “prioritizes access over ownership.” This is what Razavi now calls subscription residing.
Despite the video’s critique of “mindless consumerism,” it used a visible fashion that might have been promoting luxurious residences. It all sounded enjoyable and costly. The video ended with the phrase: “Earth is not a giant shopping center.” The convention was hosted in a mall.
Some talks bought into the gritty trivialities of global residing in stunning element. Natalie Sissons, whose private model is The Suitcase Entrepreneur, used her presenting slot to share her digital productiveness methods, projecting her yearly schedule on the huge convention display screen. She defined how her digital calendar app, Calendly, routinely translated timezones, flattening nationwide time variations into global, bookable and productive assembly slots and initiatives. She was additionally a frisbee champion and liked doing handstands.
Then got here Fabian Dittrich’s keynote. He was billed as a touring tech entrepreneur, walked on stage nonetheless wearing shorts and a T-shirt, and was honest and intense. He recounted how his faculty careers adviser informed him he wanted to “fit in like an adjusted citizen”—however that he “rejected the system and a well-paid job in London [because] it was a workstyle, not a lifestyle.” He linked this dissatisfaction with workplace life to his rejection of his nationwide identification.
Both Dittrich and Sissons appeared to be residing incarnations of the life-style extolled by Tim Ferriss in his seminal 2004 self-help e-book, The 4-Hour Work Week. Their logic pathologised the workplace and the nation state—each have been forged as threats to untethered freedom.
In the closing part of the convention, Dittrich turned his anger immediately on the nation state. He clicked to a PowerPoint slide 25-feet vast which parodied the Ascent of Man. His visible depicted human evolution from an ape to a digitally liberated human withdrawing, presenting digital nomadism as a future trajectory for humanity.
His subsequent slide confirmed two globes: the first coated with nationwide flags headed “What people think I am”; the second with out flags titled “What I really am.” Dittrich defined that his private identification had nothing to do together with his nationality. His efficiency made me consider Diogenes’s proclamation: “I am a citizen of the world.” The viewers erupted into applause.
After the foremost convention, there have been after-parties and workshops. I came upon that many delegates have been new to the nomad scene. Everyone wished the secret method of a blissful life combining work and global journey.
When it was over, in my creativeness, all the delegates jetted off to their tropical hammocks. I trudged again to the UK winter, my day job, and to my mom’s hospital mattress which I had left 4 days earlier. I discovered her in the identical mattress, recovering from most cancers surgical procedure which had saved her life, offered by the UK’s National Health Service.
![Self-described digital nomads were asked to mark where they see themselves on the above work focus/mobility axes. Their ‘core zone’ is shown in red. Credit: Dave Cook and Tony Simonovsky, Author provided Digital nomads want to replace the nation state — is there a darker side to this quest for global freedom?](https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2022/digital-nomads-want-to-1.jpg)
Being a nomad may be taxing
It is apt that the prototype digital state of Plumia is owned by a journey insurance coverage firm. Both digital nomads and skeptics of this life-style agree that challenges to sustaining a nomadic existence are 90% sensible. Visa guidelines, tax obligations and healthcare are widespread nomad ache factors.
Healthcare is the apparent first hurdle. Nomads want insurance coverage that covers them for issues like scooter accidents and patches them up on the highway, to allow them to make it again to a co-working area or their subsequent vacation spot. Historically, most traditional journey insurance coverage covers a most of 30 days, so for Safety Wing, longer-term healthcare and journey insurance coverage for nomads is a hole in the market.
Tax planning would not make for horny weblog posts—however it did train me a lot about the struggles of changing into a digital nomad, and what it actually means to be the member of a nation state. I met Ben in a Thai co-working area. He was fresh-faced and idealistic, but additionally harassed and strapped for money.
Ben had left the UK as a backpacker, staying in Australia underneath the working vacation visa program the place he labored on a sheep farm in the outback. Bored with nothing to do in the evenings, he stumbled throughout a digital nomad weblog promising a lifetime of journey, work and freedom. When Ben left the farm to backpack with mates, his thoughts saved returning to that weblog which stated “earn money whilst traveling the world.” He informed me: “All my friends wanted to do was get drunk in the next hostel. They knew they’d run out of money and have to go home. I realized I could continue traveling whilst working, instead of going home broke and having to look for a job.”
Ben headed to a co-working area in Thailand and taught himself web site design. But the Australian authorities was pursuing him for unpaid taxes as a result of he had overstayed his visa whereas working. Unfortunately, one tax woe led to one other.
Faced with the dilemma of paying the Australian authorities or risking not having the ability to go to his girlfriend in Sydney, he used his new design expertise to earn some cash. He had befriended the homeowners of a Thai guesthouse and informed them he might create a low-cost web site for them. The homeowners “were delighted,” however the supervisor of the Thai co-working area came upon and informed Ben it was unlawful for somebody on a vacationer visa to work immediately with Thai purchasers. If the co-working area was discovered to be internet hosting unlawful staff, they may very well be prosecuted and shut down.
To grow to be efficiently “free,” digital nomads should grow to be consultants in retaining forward of state bureaucracies. Most study the arduous means once they run into bother. Before the pandemic, Thailand appeared like the excellent digital nomad location due to its Instagram-worthy seashores, quick web and low value of residing. Imagine Ferriss’s 4-Hour Work Week merged with Alex Garland’s The Beach, solely with a totally different ending.
Yet visa guidelines and employee protections in Thailand are strict, if not at all times rigorously enforced. Around 2018, the Thai state turned acutely conscious and suspicious of digital nomads. In reply to the query “can digital nomads work in Thailand without a work permit?”, a Thai authorized web site acknowledged: “In order to work in the kingdom, a foreigner needs to: be on an appropriate visa, obtain a work permit, and pay taxes.” The web site went on to query the very that means of labor: “What is work? A digital nomad working on his laptop in a co-working space, is that considered work? A businessman sitting in his hotel room preparing for a seminar? When does the Work Permit office consider this to be work? This is a hard question to answer with a straightforward yes or no.”
For Ben and different fledgling digital nomads, tax and office protections have been the rug-pull that triggered their digital nomad dream to topple. Many nomads surrender at this stage. For others, nonetheless, the digital nomad dream can grow to be a recurring nightmare.
The roots of digital nomadism
One key part of digital nomadism is the idea of “geoarbitrage”, which is a fancy time period for wielding a western wage in a lower-cost, creating nation. Some people discover the concept unethical however for entrepreneurs having to wait tables whereas bootstrapping a enterprise, it is sensible to stay someplace cheaper than the Valley, London or New York.
Geoarbitrage was popularized by Ferriss in his e-book and to some, the e-book summarized every part that was proper with globalization: the concept that the whole world ought to function as an open, free market. To others, it pointed to a nightmare.
In the wake of Ferriss’s e-book and likewise Digital Nomad by Japanese technologist Tsugio Makimoto—who’s broadly credited with coining the time period—digital nomads gravitated to tropical areas with decrease residing prices. Thailand and Bali have been early hotspots however digital nomads aren’t sentimental. If a higher place affords the proper mixture of welcoming visas and low residing prices, or catches the consideration for another cause—as El Salvador did in 2021 by changing into the first nation to classify Bitcoin authorized forex—digital nomads are seemingly to seem, with carry-on baggage.
To survive as a nomad requires talent, tenacity and the privilege of holding a “strong” passport, a level that Razavi has highlighted on Plumia’s Twitter feed: “A passport is no longer a physical document but a set of rights and inequalities programmed into a computer. To me, that means this is the moment where this has to change. In a world of remote work, this makes no sense whatsoever.”
Tourist visas are sometimes brief, so nomads touring on them want to change location often, typically as often as each two weeks. Some do visa runs to the nearest border (to prolong their visas) or go away and apply for longer-term customer visas. But this means further journey and disrupts work routines. Established nomads typically clarify how they’ve discovered from previous errors. As they grow to be extra highway savvy, they decelerate their journey patterns, refine their tax and visa preparations, and ensure they aren’t worrying about breaking native immigration legal guidelines.
Juggling work and journey is each a dream and a headache. A excessive share of nomads I’ve met abruptly disappear from the scene, and their social media posts about nomading stop. Yet that does not cease the subsequent technology of dreamers turning up in Bali and Chiang Mai. And no dream, maybe, was extra alluring than the follow of “dropshipping.” It’s additionally vastly controversial—even in nomad circles.
The darker side of digital nomadism
Between 2016 and 2018, “dropshipping” was the hottest get-rich-quick scheme I got here throughout in Chiang Mai. This on-line enterprise mannequin includes individuals advertising and marketing and promoting merchandise they might by no means have seen, produced in international locations they might by no means go to, to clients they are going to by no means meet. The merchandise are sometimes area of interest gadgets equivalent to kitchen devices or pet equipment.
Typically, dropshippers promote their merchandise on social media and promote them through Amazon, eBay, or by creating their very own on-line shops utilizing software program equivalent to Shopify. Dropshipping is catnip to aspiring digital nomads as a result of it’s borderless and affords the promise of “passive income.” As one nomad defined to me, “why wouldn’t you want to earn money while you sleep?”
But many dedicated digital nomads hate this darker side of digital nomadism. Both Razavi and Pieter Levels, creator of the web site nomadlist.com, have declared that dropshipping is “bullshit.” Another British expat described it as “the snake oil that greased the wheels of a thousand start-ups in Chiang Mai.”
Young nomads typically confided to me that they have been perfecting their dropshipping enterprise mannequin. Some confirmed me spreadsheets displaying greater than US$5,000 a month of passive revenue. But I additionally discovered extra about the emotional and financial prices.
At one unofficial dropshipper meet-up in Chiang Mai in 2018, I used to be informed that if you happen to wished to be actually profitable, you had to grow to be professional at manipulating huge e-commerce platforms equivalent to Amazon and eBay. Some talked about making an attempt to evade native well being and security legal guidelines when promoting area of interest merchandise like kitchen devices whereas tapping into a pool of global low-cost labor.
Competing with different sellers who troll you with dangerous critiques was a darkish artwork, I found. Two males confided that their Amazon vendor accounts had been suspended after being accused of posting suspicious critiques. Several admitted they’d bought mates to review-bomb their opponents.
These dropshippers feared Amazon’s algorithms greater than border and customs inspections. Manipulating its evaluate system was notably difficult as a result of, in accordance to Larry, an ex-marine who manufactured his personal “top secret” product in China (dropshippers not often share what their area of interest merchandise are), “Amazon processes and algorithms seem to know everything.”
“They know if your cousin gives your product a five-star review,” Ted added. Everyone nodded vigorously.
Every dropshipper promoting on Amazon.com (its US area) complained about Proposition 65, a listing of poisonous chemical substances regulated in California which can be broadly utilized in Chinese plastic manufacturing. Some had whole product classes (their entire “seller listing”) deleted in California. These battles with native legal guidelines and tech giants present how the traces between nation states and companies can grow to be blurry for digital nomads. Or as Ted put it: “Fuck the west coast. You’re stuck between health and safety and the tech giants.”
Amazon could be very clear about its dropshipping coverage: “We do not allow a third party to fulfill orders from other retailers on a seller’s behalf, unless the Amazon seller of record is clearly identified on the packaging,” a spokesperson informed me. “Our policies also prohibit reviews abuse.”
Pete, a dropshipping veteran utilizing a number of platforms, informed the Chiang Mai meet-up that he had greater than US$10,000 price of inventory “at sea or in transit” and had constructed his personal e-commerce retailer. He additionally hinted that he would flip a blind eye to the chance of kid labor. “I’m getting more involved with the manufacturing,” he half-whispered to the room. “I sent an agent to check how things were going, and I heard that kids were packing the orders.” Another dropshipper chipped in: “Well, it is China … what can you do?” Half the room shrugged.
Some dropshippers bragged to me about hacking into the global pool of low-cost, educated digital assistants (VAs)—typically from the Philippines the place English is broadly spoken. Zena, who bought dwelling decor to a “design-savvy clientele back in the US,” defined how “Instagram was her killer sales funnel,” however that she quickly realized “I was killing myself between the order fulfilments and socials [social media posts]”.
So Zena discovered a VA residing on the outskirts of Manila and outsourced every part to her. “[It took] a month to get her fully up to speed—she has an MBA, her English is great. The time investment was totally worth it; I get everything done better than I could do it myself.”
Zena wouldn’t expose how a lot she paid her VA, in case somebody tried to poach her. Two male dropshippers chipped in. “They all have MBAs, bro,” one laughed. The different added, “Some accept less than [US]$500 a month. I’ve heard as low as $250, but that’s too low even for me.”
Levels says dropshipping is a “terribly dark story,” mentioning that aspiring dropshippers may be victims too. He claimed on Twitter: “What’s dire about dropshipping is that these people from poor areas in the US pay thousands of dollars for courses that don’t deliver.”
Fresh-faced nomads typically informed me they have been excited to begin on-line programs, however others informed me the content material did not train them a lot. While it is debatable whether or not these programs have been deliberate scams, many younger nomads have been disenchanted to uncover that dropshipping was a very troublesome means to earn cash.
The dropshipping scene in Chiang Mai began to dwindle earlier than the pandemic hit in 2020, with many searching for out new “get rich quick” schemes. As one nomad informed me in 2020, “cryptocurrency has stolen the limelight.”
‘A lonely, depressing existence’
The digital nomad on the seaside may need grow to be a cliche, however what’s not to like about residing and dealing in paradise? Quite a lot in accordance to Andrew Keen, creator of The Internet Is Not The Answer. Keen is crucial and dismissive of the digital nomad life-style—and when Razavi interviewed him for a Plumia livestream occasion, the dialog, in Razavi’s phrases, “got salty.”
When Razavi requested Keen about digital nomads and his “views on global mobility,” Keen replied: “I’m not in favor of tearing up your passport and being ‘anywhere’ … I’m quite critical of this new precariat, the new workforce existing on so-called sharing platforms like Uber and Lyft to make a living … I’m not sure most people want to be nomads. I think it’s a rather ugly, miserable, lonely existence. The problem is that technology is pushing us in that way.”
Behind the inspirational blogs and inventory photos of hammocks, digital nomadism divides choices, typically angrily. Razavi believes mobility is a human proper, whereas Keen believes politics wants locations. This performs out in nationwide politics, too. At the 2016 Conservative Party convention in the UK, the new prime minister, Theresa May, famously declared: “If you are a citizen of the world, you are a citizen of nowhere.” It was a battlecry inviting individuals to take sides.
In March 2020, COVID and its related global lockdowns briefly appeared to problem the concept of freely present “beyond nations.” Yet now that distant working has been normalized, the digital nomad dream has been supercharged—and each week, a new nation or metropolis appears to launch a distant work or digital nomad visa scheme.
According to Razavi, Plumia “are talking to a number of countries but that’s confidential … We are speaking to emerging economies.” She does title the authorities of Montenegro, nonetheless: “That one’s fairly public as a result of it is on social media. I see there being alternative there.”
Estonia was the first nation to pioneer a digital nomad visa. Having solely gained independence in 1991, it has positioned itself as a digital society the place 99% of presidency providers may be accessed on-line. According to Estonian entrepreneur Karoli Hindricks, founding father of Jobbatical, a job-finding service for distant staff: “Where you were born is like a statistical error.”
The concept of making a new nation by hacking and reassembling outdated concepts is nothing new, after all. The Principality of Sealand, positioned on a concrete platform in the North Sea, tried to declare sovereignty in 1967 with combined success. Some digital nomads obsessively analysis maritime regulation, others go on digital nomads cruises. One nomad confided to me that they wished to purchase an island in Brazil.
And whereas the concept of an web nation with none territory, or future plans to declare any, is a radical idea for most, historical past teaches us that concepts, given the proper tailwinds, can morph into actuality.
In 1996, for instance, John Perry Barlow revealed A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, wherein he wrote the following missive to “outdated” governments: “Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.”
Within 4 years the dotcom bubble grew exponentially after which burst—proving each its evangelists and critics proper.
A brand new faith?
I mentioned the place digital nomadism could also be going with the documentary movie director Lena Leonhardt, who like me has spent years chronicling the digital nomad life-style. Her movie Roamers—Follow Your Likes tells 4 astonishing tales of nomads combining journey, work and chronicling their adventures on social media.
The movie’s foremost character is Nuseir Yassin—or Nas Daily as he’s identified to his followers, as a result of he made a one-minute movie on a regular basis for 1,000 days whereas touring. At the begin of the film he’s seen on a stage, urging his viewers not to waste their lives: “I worked as a software engineer for PayPal but I hated my job and I hated my life.”
Yassin wears a T-shirt with an infographic displaying his life as 33% used-up. “I had this revelation,” he explains. “I am one-third dead with my life.” The remainder of the movie paperwork how he and different nomads turned their atypical lives into one thing “fricking fantastic.”
Leonhardt thinks the digital nomad life-style could have religious or spiritual qualities: “Many people feel “I solely have this life and a very brief time, so I’ve to ensure this life is price one thing.'”
Yet there’s little question the digital nomad life-style is far tougher if you happen to do not journey with a “strong” passport that permits visa-free journey. If you might be an African lady, for instance, nomadic journey may be troublesome and hostile.
Agnes Nyamwange, who additionally options in the movie, has a Kenyan passport. Before the pandemic, she was based mostly in the US and “nomaded” in South America from there. Nyamwange defined that holding a Kenyan passport made visas dearer, as visa-free journey is far much less accessible to holders of many African passports.
Since the pandemic, touring to the US or Europe has grow to be nearly inconceivable for her. “I wanted to go to Europe when they opened up, but the embassies here said it was closed for Africans. Recently I just had the US Embassy telling me they don’t have any appointments available until 2024.”
In the movie, Nyamwange memorably proclaims: “We are a generation of people who believe in superheroes.” She talks about the therapeutic energy of journey. But once I caught up along with her earlier this yr, she revealed the underbelly of nomadism to me: “It’s a cultish type thing. It’s not sustainable. It’s good to travel from place to place to place to place, but you kind of have to have a sustainable lifestyle for it to be healthy … 15% of it was real, the other 85% is complete junk.”
Nyamwange added that it’s all about “selling the dream”: “Once you get into the digital nomad lifestyle, you start understanding Instagram, Snapchat and all these social media systems very well. But most people who portray and tell those stories don’t really live the lives that they’re selling.”
Despite all the obstacles, Nyamwange remains to be drawn to what she sees as the therapeutic features of labor and journey. For now although, she travels regionally in Africa, as a result of touring additional “is such a headache.”
Digital nomadism could provide a arduous highway, however it’s a religious path many want to take. And believers like Razavi, Srinivasan and legions of different digital nomads will proceed to search alternate options to poor-value, inefficient nation states of their quest for a geographically untethered model of freedom.
Yet for the second no less than, this kind of freedom is a privilege which largely is determined by your fatherland, long-term place of residence, and financial circumstances. Or put one other means, your given nationality.
Covid-19 prompts extra to grasp for ‘digital nomad’ dream
The Conversation
This article is republished from The Conversation underneath a Creative Commons license. Read the authentic article.
Citation:
Digital nomads want to replace the nation state—is there a darker side to this quest for global freedom? (2022, September 7)
retrieved 7 September 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-09-digital-nomads-nation-stateis-darker.html
This doc is topic to copyright. Apart from any truthful dealing for the goal of personal research or analysis, no
half could also be reproduced with out the written permission. The content material is offered for info functions solely.